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Archive for the ‘Science and Technology’ Category

Science is a way of figuring out things about the world we’re in. Its big advantage is that it has a way of detecting and fixing errors, so you’re more likely to arrive at something close to the truth.

The way science works is like this:

- You come up with a hypothesis (idea) of how something works.

- You then devise an experiment to test the hypothesis. If the experiment turns out one way, then the evidence supports the hypothesis. if it turns out another way, then it shows that the hypothesis is no good.

- You do the experiment and see if the hypothesis was any good.

Each time you do this, you learn something about how the world works (or doesn’t work). With the new knowledge, you get a better idea of the “truth”, and can form & test new hypotheses to build better and better models of reality. Once a hypothesis has been rigorously tested in lots of different ways, so people become pretty sure that it must be accurate, it’s called a “theory” (e.g. ‘theory of gravity’).

One key to science is falsifiability: You have to be able to design experiments that disprove the hypothesis if they turn out a certain way. That’s why religious views don’t qualify: There’s no known experiment that, if it turned out a certain way, would prove that god doesn’t exist. Therefore, it’s impossible to prove scientifically whether god exists or not.

After some time, I was reminded of a little poem:

A centipede was happy quite, until a toad in fun

Said, “Pray, which leg comes after which?”

This raised his doubts to such a pitch

The alternative to science is to come up with ideas of how the world works, and then accept them on faith, without testing them. The problem with this approach is that you don’t have any mechanism for detecting and correcting errors.

Individual scientists can be just as biased as anyone else, but properly designed experiments can still detect and fix their mistakes. When priests disagree on how to interpret scripture, there’s no comparable mechanism.

Anyway, that’s the advantage of science: It has a self-correcting mechanism that detects and fixes errors, so you’re likely to get closer to the truth, even if individual scientists are biased.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Jet Engines So wh­y does the M-1 tank use a 1,500 horsepower gas turbine engine instead of a diesel engine? It turns out that there are two big advantages of the turbine over the diesel:

Gas turbine engines have a great power-to-weight ratio compared to reciprocating engines. That is, the amount of power you get out of the engine compared to the weight of the engine itself is very good. Gas turbine engines are smaller than their reciprocating counterparts of the same power.

­The main disadvantage of gas turbines is that, compared to a reciprocating engine of the same size, they are expensive. Because they spin at such high speeds and because of the high operating temperatures, designing and manufacturing gas turbines is a tough problem from both the engineering and materials standpoint. Gas turbines also tend to use more fuel when they are idling, and they prefer a constant rather than a fluctuating load. That makes gas turbines great for things like transcontinental jet aircraft and power plants, but explains why you don’t have one under the hood of your car.

 

Department of Food Science The Department of Food Science is housed in Stocking Hall

Welcome to the Cornell Department of Food Science web site.The faculty, staff, and students in our Department are members of a large interdisciplinary team of scientists at Cornell who are working together to improve the wholesomeness and availability of food for the world’s population. This team includes people affiliated with several departments from across the University that have joined together as members of the Cornell  Institute of Food Science (CIFS). Students at Cornell enjoy the combined advantages offered by the applied programs of a major land grant university and the intellectual rigor and stimulation that characterize a prestigious Ivy League institution, all on the same beautiful campus.

 

North West Science and Technology has led to many cutting edge scientific breakthroughs, such as Britain’s first aeroplane, the birth of the first test tube baby, splitting the atom, and the world’s first computer. Science and Technology is continuing to develop rapidly in this region, and many global brands, ranging from medical research to military aircraft have significant research and design facilities in the North West. Over 25% of the region’s £106 billion economy comes from Science and Technology companies.

1. North West universities play a key role in Science and Technology, and have a combined turnover of over £1.2 billion, almost 1% of the region’s total economy. Leading companies, including those in the Aerospace Business, automotive supply and manufacturing companies, nuclear energy and medical research are closely linked to North West universities. More than 50,000 North West students graduate every year, including 25,000 with life science degrees. Over 69,000 science students are trained every year.

2. The Aerospace Business in the North West has a turnover of £6 billion, and is responsible for producing military and commercial aircraft and components which are used both in the UK and exported worldwide. Extensive R&D programmes ensure that the latest technologies are available to create the most advanced planes in the world. Countries all over the world rely on the North West Aerospace Business for their military and commercial aircraft requirements

3. The Chemistry Industry plays a vital role in the North West, and sales of chemicals contribute over £10 billion to the economy, equating to approximately 20% of the UK chemistry industry. Approximately 220,000 people are employed in this sector. In 2005, the Department of Trade and Industry announced that as part of the Technology Programme, one of the 19 new Knowledge Transfer Networks (KTNs) would be in Chemistry in the North West. KTNs help to share knowledge and research between businesses, academic institutions such as universities, and trade associations.

4. The North West and Cumbria in particular, is widely acknowledged as the centre of the UK Nuclear Energy industry, and is home to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. The research and development work done in this region has led the Government to conclude that utilising nuclear energy is part of a viable solution to meeting the energy needs of the UK.

5. There are over 50 research institutes, many of them multi-institutional, as well as traditional R&D departments. The North West is home to the Research and Development departments of several of the worlds leading companies, and business R&D investment in this region is greater than in any other part of the world except Asia. Recent reports show that 4 of the top 10 companies by R&D spending have significant facilities in the North West. Pharmaceutical development, including the largest cancer drug research centre in the UK, Aerospace Businesses, manufacturers of consumer products, as well as the Chemistry Industry and Nuclear Energy are well represented in the North West.

6. The North West’s seven science parks are home to many knowledge-based companies in diverse industries ranging from providing education to Nuclear Energy and decommissioning. Strong links to universities as well as research institutes and centres of knowledge, in the UK and abroad, help to ensure that Science and Technology in the North West is second to none.

7. Dedicated Strategic Science and Technology sites have been set up throughout the North West, and Manchester is aiming to become one of the UK’s first six Science Cities by 2015.

Manchester Science Park is internationally recognised as a centre of excellence, and is one of the most successful of its kind. Tenants include specialists in healthcare, telecoms, and digital media.

The Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, near Warrington in Cheshire, is home to leading companies in diverse industries ranging from healthcare research to business support services. The nearby Daresbury Laboratory is one of the best-resourced science facilities in the UK.

Liverpool Science Park, right in the centre of Liverpool, is the fastest growing science park in the UK, and contains computer games, website design and software companies as well as solicitors specialising in intellectual property and technology law. Speke, also in Liverpool, is home to the National Biomanufacturing Centre, which is set to become the leading biopaharmaceutical design centre in Europe, and helps to create and develop new medicines

West Cumbria Science Park, near Whitehaven, has over 60 companies on site, ranging from ecology to engineering, many of which are involved in the Nuclear Energy Industry.

A Science Park in Lancaster is scheduled for development this year, and will be located close to the top-ten ranked university. This exciting new project will combine the renowned academic knowledge and resources of the University with local businesses know-how and the Lancaster Environment Centre.

8. With Manchester recently voted the most creative city in the UK, and Liverpool’s reputation as one of the leading cities for computer game design, the North West is at the forefront of new technologies as well as traditional Science and Technology. The use of ICT in education, website design and internet technologies, TV and film production, as well as other media industries, is all flourishing in the region, thanks to Science and Technology.

9. As well as looking to the future, the region’s scientific history is preserved through museums such as the World Museum in Liverpool, Quarry Bank Mill in Styal, Cheshire, and Wigan Pier. Visual displays as well as hands-on activities, demonstrations and different media show how Science and Technology has changed our lives, from mechanising everyday tasks to revolutionising manufacturing methods.

10. As well as the outstanding Science and Technology facilities, the North West is a popular business location thanks to its fantastic infrastructure. Within reach of 3 international airports, and a great motorway system, the North West is closer than you may think. In addition, the North West has many Areas of Natural Outstanding Beauty and the standard of living is high.

There has never been a better time to see how North West Science and Technology can help you.

nt glowing, radiant skin no matter what our age.

Today there are plenty of true skin-care miracles that can deliver amazing results. Few consumers really understand what, precisely is inside each bottle of serum or jar of cream that they buy and why it is supposed to improve their skin.

While choosing skin-care products a consumer must understand what the skin is and why it is aging.

Aging is caused by both your genes and your behavior.

After the age of thirty five and into the forties is an ideal time for a woman to find a serious skin protection and reprogramming regimen that will slow the aging to a crawl.

This is the time when skin starts changing dramatically: first deep wrinkles appear, because of the lack of collagen and Hyaluronic acid; reducing of estrogen levels in the body, which lead to diminishing of skin’s strength and its elasticity, so there is sagging of the skin, fine lines, wrinkles.

While all this is going on, the skin is also loosing 35% of its antioxidant vitamin reservoir. This means that the skin becomes more sensitive,and more easily irritated and inflamed.

Aging begins to appear in the forties when the genetic program has run out of instructions, and skin is left without a regenerating program.

What can reprogram skin are compounds that turn on collagen production so that skin thinks it is young again, while turning off the collagen-destroying enzymes of old age.

New science already developed solutions to clear dead layers of the skin, stimulating collagen and blood flow, replacing lost volume, and making skin glow.

All you really need:

A good skin care regimen includes a serious dose of prevention, no matter what your age and skin, along with the latest technology to reverse past damage.

Adorage is the first luxury skin care line which combines all new active ingredients and botanical extracts currently available on the market which address multiple needs simultaneously, and are supporting their benefits with clinical proof published in medical journals, and consumers are seeing their effects right away.

Adorage combines the exfoliation power of semi-neutrolized Glycolic acid( the best AHA acid) with such active ingredients as: Retinol, Vitamin C, Hyaluronic acid, purest botanical extracts, Soy extract, Genistein and Matrixyl.

Retinol is a potent form of Vitamin A that dramatically changes the way in which the genetic program is expressed in skin, thinning the upper layer and visibly reducing wrinkles.

Vitamin C is a proven wrinkle-fighting compound. It stimulates collagen production, increases the skin’s stabilizing structure. Adorage has the most potent and stabilized form of Vitamin C-Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate(MAP)which is in its highest concentration and benefits in reprogramming skin in several days.

Glycolic acid-( alpha-hydroxy acid, AHA) is in the front line of wrinkle reduction, being the greatest exfoliation product, by speeding up the loss of dead cells and increasing collagen production.

Hyaluronic acid- the best natural moisturizer, that attracts and binds water, helping to support and lubricate the skin. With age, Hyaluronic acid in the skin diminishes, leaving it dry, loose and less elastic. Hyaluronic acid in Adorage skin care line has the best penetration ability, because it is in precursor stage, so the molecules are smaller than the skin’s, and penetrate the skin immediately. HA helps to restructurate the skin , prevents water loss and boosts skin’s regenerative capacity.

Matrixyl-is a pentapeptide composed of five linked amin0-acids that resemble a fragment of collagen. These pieces of collagen somehow stimulate the skin’s fibroblasts to make more collagen and thereby fix wrinkles.

Adorage is a skin care line made in France, FDA registered , and doesn’t have dangerous preservatives as parabens. It consists of products that really work and the consumer will see the great results in 10-14 days.